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214 : The Burden I Should Bear ((TOP))



Sasuke praises Kakashi's usage of his Sharingan, albeit insulted that a non-Uchiha is using it. He notifies Kakashi that only a true member of the Uchiha clan can use it effectively, and forms his Susanoo. Sasuke has the Susanoo fire an arrow at Kakashi, who uses Kamui to warp the arrow away. Sasuke is impressed that Kakashi was able to awaken the Mangekyō Sharingan and attempts to use the Susanoo once more, only for his vision to become blurred; as a result, his Susanoo and his Sharingan deactivate. Kakashi attempts to convince Sasuke to change his ways, repeating what he once told Sasuke about how revenge does not get anyone anywhere; Sasuke retorts that Kakashi should stop talking as if he was his sensei and exclaims that he would only stop his tirade if Kakashi could bring his father, mother, and brother back to him. Sakura, who has finished healing Karin, sneaks up behind Sasuke, recalling her memories of Sasuke, back when they had passed the bell test as well as her conversation with Sasuke before he defected from Konoha. She holds a kunai to his back, finding herself unable to kill him. Sasuke turns around and grabs her throat with one hand while prying the kunai out with the other. Kakashi, weakened by the Mangekyō, is unable to stop him as Sasuke attempts to kill Sakura, only for Naruto to arrive in the nick of time and whisk Sakura out of harm's way.




214 : The Burden I Should Bear



To qualify for a visitor or student visa, an applicant must meet the requirements of sections 101(a)(15)(B) or (F) of the INA respectively. Failure to do so will result in a refusal of a visa under INA 214(b). The most frequent basis for such a refusal concerns the requirement that the prospective visitor or student possess a residence abroad he/she has no intention of abandoning. Applicants prove the existence of such residence by demonstrating that they have ties abroad that would compel them to leave the U.S. at the end of the temporary stay. The law places this burden of proof on the applicant.


No. The consular officer will reconsider a case if an applicant can show further convincing evidence of ties outside the United States. Your friend, relative, or student should contact the embassy or consulate to find out about reapplication procedures. Unfortunately, some applications will not quality for a nonimmigrant visa, regardless of how many times they reapply, until their personal, professional, and financial circumstances change considerably.


First encourage your relative, friend, or student to review carefully their situation and evaluate realistically their ties. You can suggest that they write down on paper what qualifying ties they think they have which may not have been evaluated at the time of their interview with the consular officer. Also, if they have been refused, they should review what documents were submitted for the consul to consider. Applicants refused visas under section 214(b) may reapply for a visa. When they do, they will have to show further evidence of their ties or how the circumstances have changed since the time of the original application. It may help to answer the following questions before reapplying:


Although a value-added tax (VAT) taxes goods and services at every stage of production and sale, the net economic burden is like that of a retail sales tax. Sales taxes create a wedge between the price paid by the final consumer and what the seller receives. Conceptually, the tax can either raise the total price (inclusive of the sales tax) paid by consumers or reduce the amount of business revenue available to compensate workers and investors. Theory and evidence suggest that the VAT is passed along to consumers via higher prices. Either way, the decline in real household income is the same regardless of whether prices rise (holding nominal incomes constant) or whether nominal incomes fall (holding the price level constant).


Because lower-income households spend a greater share of their income on consumption than higher-income households do, the burden of a VAT is regressive when measured as a share of current income: the tax burden as a share of income is highest for low-income households and falls sharply as household income rises. Because income saved today is generally spent in the future, the burden of a VAT is more proportional to income when measured as a share of income over a lifetime. Even by a lifetime income measure, however, the burden of the VAT as a share of income is lower for high-income households than for other households. A VAT (like any consumption tax) does not tax the returns (such as dividends and capital gains) from new capital investment, and income from capital makes up a larger portion of the total income of high-income households.


Using a method more reflective of lifetime burdens, Eric Toder, Jim Nunns, and Joseph Rosenberg (2012) estimate that a 5 percent, broad-based VAT would be regressive at the bottom of the income distribution, roughly proportional in the middle, and then generally regressive at the top. The VAT would impose an average tax burden of 3.9 percent of after-tax income on households in the bottom quintile of the income distribution. (Each quintile contains 20 percent of the population ranked by income.) Yet, households in the top 1 percent of the income distribution would only have an average tax burden of 2.5 percent (table 1).


In the same study, Toder, Nunns, and Rosenberg simulate the effects of a 7.7 percent broad-based VAT with a refundable tax credit (the higher tax rate keeps the net revenues the same as the 5 percent, broad-based VAT with no tax credit). They find that the VAT in combination with the tax credit would impose an average tax burden of 0.6 percent on households in the bottom quintile of the income distribution. Households in the top 1 percent of the income distribution would face an average tax burden of 3.6 percent. Their results also show that the distribution of a narrow-based VAT that excludes spending on food, housing, and health care is much the same as the distribution of a broad-based tax (table 1).


This action challenges the constitutionality of Florida's "Choose Life" specialty license plate scheme, as codified at Fla. Stat. 320.08058(30) and 320.08056(4) (dd) ("the Act"). The Act requires the Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles ("the Department") to create a specialty license plate bearing the message "Choose Life." The Department then charges each consumer who wants to display the specialty plate on his or her automobile an annual use fee of $20. See Fla. Stat. 320.08056(4) (dd). Thereafter, the Department distributes the annual use fees "annually to each county in the ratio that the annual use fees collected by each county bears to the total fees collected for *1310 the plates within the state." Fla. Stat. 320.08058(30) (b).


Summary judgment may be entered only where there is no genuine issue of material fact. Twiss v. Kury, 25 F.3d 1551, 1554 (11th Cir. 1994). The moving party has the burden of meeting this exacting standard. Adickes v. S.H. Kress & Co., 398 U.S. 144, 157, 90 S. Ct. 1598, 26 L. Ed. 2d 142 (1970). An issue of fact is "material" if it is a legal element of the claim under the applicable substantive law which might affect the outcome of the case. Allen v. Tyson Foods, Inc., 121 F.3d 642, 646 (11th Cir.1997). It is "genuine" if the record taken as a whole could lead a rational trier of fact to find for the nonmoving party. Id.


In other words, the party opposing summary judgment "must do more than simply show that there is some metaphysical doubt as to the material facts." Matsushita Elec. Indus. Co. v. Zenith Radio, 475 U.S. 574, 586, 106 S. Ct. 1348, 89 L. Ed. 2d 538 (1986). In determining whether this evidentiary threshold has been met, the trial court "must view the evidence presented through the prism of the substantive evidentiary burden" applicable to the particular cause of action before it. Anderson, 477 U.S. at 254, 106 S. Ct. 2505. If the non-movant fails to adduce evidence which would be sufficient, when viewed in a light most favorable to the non-movant, to support a jury finding for the non-movant, summary judgment may be granted. Id. at 254-55, 106 S. Ct. 2505.


Additionally, the non-moving party must "make a showing sufficient to establish the existence of an element essential to that party's case, and on which that party will bear the burden of proof at trial." Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 322-23, 106 S. Ct. 2548, 91 L. Ed. 2d 265 (1986). The failure of proof concerning an essential element of the non-moving party's case necessarily renders all other facts immaterial and requires the court to grant the motion for summary judgment. See id.


The beneficiary may have acquired specialized knowledge while working for the foreign organization either in a specialized knowledge, executive, or managerial capacity. The petitioner bears the burden to show that the beneficiary has the required specialized knowledge at the time of filing.


For example, the beneficiary may have characteristics that make him or her eligible as a nonimmigrant specialized knowledge worker (L-1B) and a nonimmigrant specialty occupation worker (H-1B). Similarly, a beneficiary may qualify for L-1B nonimmigrant status while at the same time possessing the extraordinary ability or achievement necessary for O-1 nonimmigrant status. Possession of such dual qualifications does not render the beneficiary ineligible for either classification. Officers should only consider the requirements for the classification sought in the petition, without considering eligibility requirements for other classifications.


Even if the beneficiary is to be stationed primarily outside the petitioning organization, that fact alone does not establish ineligibility for L classification. For the ground of ineligibility to apply, control and supervision of the beneficiary at the non-affiliated worksite must be principally by the unaffiliated employer. Officers should use the common dictionary meaning of the term principally. The adjective principal means "most important, consequential, or influential."[12] 041b061a72


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